Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: A Silent but Serious Vascular Condition
An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a potentially life-threatening condition characterized by the abnormal enlargement of the abdominal portion of the aorta—the body’s main artery responsible for carrying oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the lower parts of the body. When the aortic wall weakens, it can balloon outward, increasing the risk of rupture, which may result in severe internal bleeding and sudden death if not treated promptly.
One of the most concerning aspects of an abdominal aortic aneurysm is that it often develops silently. Many individuals experience no symptoms during the early stages, allowing the aneurysm to grow unnoticed over time. In some cases, people may feel a pulsing sensation in the abdomen, persistent abdominal or lower back pain, or discomfort that radiates to the legs or groin. However, these signs typically appear only when the aneurysm becomes large or is close to rupturing.
Several factors contribute to the development of AAA. Age is a major risk factor, particularly for individuals over the age of 65. Men are more likely to develop the condition than women, although women face a higher risk of rupture once an aneurysm forms. Smoking significantly weakens blood vessel walls and is one of the strongest modifiable risk factors. Additional contributors include high blood pressure, atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries), genetic predisposition, and a family history of aneurysms.
Early detection plays a crucial role in preventing complications. Ultrasound imaging is the most common screening tool, especially for high-risk individuals such as older adults with a history of smoking. Once detected, small aneurysms are often monitored regularly to track their growth. Lifestyle changes, including quitting smoking, managing blood pressure, maintaining a healthy weight, and following a balanced diet, can help slow progression.
Treatment depends on the size and growth rate of the aneurysm. Small, stable a